Pediatric Retinoblastoma

Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches

Abstract

Pediatric retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in children, representing a significant challenge for pediatric ophthalmology and oncology due to its impact on vision and potential life-threatening risks. This study reviews current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for retinoblastoma, exploring imaging methods and innovative chemotherapy interventions aimed at preserving the ocular globe and vision in affected children. The methodology included a literature analysis in databases such as PubMed and SciELO with the keywords: "Pediatric retinoblastoma"; "Diagnostic approaches"; "Therapeutic strategies", focusing on studies related to fundus diagnosis, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and advanced imaging techniques. The results highlight that early diagnosis, particularly using imaging techniques, is crucial for treatment planning, including intra-arterial and intravitreal chemotherapy, as well as laser therapy and enucleation in more advanced cases. Recent advancements in treatment, such as the use of intravitreal melphalan, show promise in reducing vitreous seeds with lower retinal toxicity. Retinoblastoma, although rare, requires an interdisciplinary approach and careful management to optimize both visual and oncological prognosis.